What you feel while you wait impacts what you learn
In a neuroscience study I conducted this year, I asked B2B sellers to participate in a role-play simulation where they interacted with either an AI tool or a human pretending to be an upset customer. The sellers then waited for feedback while I measured their brain activity to capture approach behavior—a marker of positive anticipation and motivation to engage further.
I divided participants into four groups and primed them to believe that they interacted with an AI expert (AIX), AI beginner tool (AIB), human expert (HX), and human beginner (HB). In reality, both AI and the human offered the same expert-level feedback; the expertise labels were purely perception-based.
The brain scan below displays the aggregate EEG (electroencephalogram signal) for all four groups while waiting to receive feedback after they finished the role-play with an angry customer. We note the strongest approach behavior for those waiting for feedback from the human (perceived expert and beginner). Participants in the human groups (HX and HB) remembered the feedback better after 48 hours, suggesting that stronger approach behavior during the waiting phase primes the brain to retain information more effectively.
Here are some guidelines you will find practical if you coach others in your team and/or if you are in the process of developing AI tools.
For humans
Expertise matters—both its existence and perception. So, when you coach others, make sure you are an expert in your field and are perceived as one. For example, simple cues like mentioning your experience by offering a preview can increase engagement. In addition, anticipation can heighten curiosity and emotion. So, offer statements like, “I noticed a few standout strengths we can build on,” to make recipients more receptive.
For AI developers
Minimize delays. Participants waited twice as long for AI feedback, which could dampen engagement. So, reduce latency or make the wait engaging with dynamic progress indicators or empathetic messaging like “Compiling a detailed analysis of your performance.” Also, build trust by using design elements like professional labels (“Expert AI”) and detailed explanations.
Overall, anticipation is more than waiting—it’s an active emotional state that impacts learning. Human coaches and AI developers alike can make the waiting period more engaging and meaningful to improve the effectiveness of feedback and learning outcomes.